TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER


TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER



Here I will explain simple traffic light controller circuit. You can make it,this is very interesting & very easy circuit.





Components Required
  1. Integrated Circuit
    1. IC-1 (555)
    2. IC-2 (CD4017)
  2. Resistors
    1. R1 (10K)
    2. VR1 (100K)
  3. Capacitor
    1. C1 (100mfd/ 16V)
  4. Diode
    1. D1-D9 (IN4007)
  5. Transistor
    1. T1 (BC148)
    2. T2 (BC148)
    3. T3 (BC148)
  6. Miscellaneous
    1. Three LED(RED,ORANGE,GREEN)
    2. Battery (9V DC)
    3. Flexible wires
    4. Soldering rod etc..
Principle and Working:-
  • This circuit is self explanatory by its name, and can be used to control traffic in public places, or to demonstrate traffic rules in traffic-parks.
  • IC2, which is heart of the circuit, is a decade counter. In this counter for every pulse fed to pin-14, potential keeps shifting from D1 to D9 in cyclic order.
  • IC1 is used as a pulse generator and generates pulses in regular configurable intervals. These intervals can be changed by varying VR1.
  • The circuit is designed in such a way that out of nine pulses, RED LED remains glow for 4 pulses, ORANGE LED for 1 pulse and GREEN LED for remaining 4 pulses. Since D1-D4 provide current to T1, T1 is on whenever there is potential on any diode D1 to D4, which keeps red LED glow. Similarly other diodes are responsible for orange and green led glow.



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System Requirements:

  • - Windows 95/98/XP/ME/Vista/7;
  • - Processor 800 Mhz or better;
  • - RAM: minimum 1024Mb;
  • - DirectX 9.0 or higher;
  • - DirectX compatible sound board;
  • - Easy game removal through the Windows Control Panel.


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Remote Control For Your Computer




Remote Control For Your Computer

Imagine we are relaxing and reading our favorite novel while listening to music on our computer, suddenly we want to skip the current song or want to pause your mp3 player. With this circuit, we can control programs running on our computer by just pressing a button on our remote, like we control our TV. To control our computer using remote you need two things.
  1. A Infrared receiver circuit : This detects infrared signals (generated by your remote) and converts them into electrical signals for our computer.
  2. Infrared Software : This decodes the electrical signals and takes action to controls our program (like mp3 player etc). The action can be any thing like "moving to next song" or "changing volume" etc.

Circuit Diagram :-





Components Required
  1. Resistors
    1. R1 (4.7Kilo ohms, 1/4W)
  2. Integrated Circuit
    1. IC1 (78L05)
    2. IC2 (TSOP 1738)
  3. Capacitor
    1. C1 (10uf, 63V, electrolytic)
    2. C2 (100nf, disc/ceramic capacitor )
  4. Miscellaneous
    1. SUB-D (9 pin) connector
    2. Infrared Remote (Any TV remote will work)
    3. Three 1-meter-long wire to connect SUB-D to IR detector Circuit
    4. PC with Serial/Com Port
    5. Flexible Wire
    6. Soldering rod
WORKING:
  • Heart of the circuit is TSOP-1738 infrared detector chip. TSOP-1738 detects infrared signals generated by our remote and generates electrical pulses on its out pin. These electrical pulses finally goes into our computer via serial port's DCD pin.
  • This infrared-circuit gets power from the serial port itself. RST and GND pins provide power to the circuit. IC1 (78L05) is a 5V voltage regulator, with R1, C1, C2 and D1, IC1 provides clean 5V DC voltage supply to IC2.
  • DCD, RST and GND of the circuit is connected to respective pins of SUB-D connector using 1m long wire. SUB-D connector should be connected to our computer's Serial/COM port. Please note that both 78L05 and L7805 are 5V voltage regulator chip but their in/out pin positions are different. Any of the voltage regulator chip can be used provided proper connections are made.
  • For download IR POWER infrared software from www.innovativelogics.com to remote control for our programs like mp3 player, media player, power-point presentation etc














VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY USING REGULATED IC






VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY USING VOLTAGE REGULATOR IC


  • Avoltage regulator (also called a ‘regulator’) with only three terminals appears to be a simple device, but it is in fact a very complex integrated circuit. It converts a varying input voltage into a constant ‘regulated’ output voltage.
  • Voltage regulators are available in a variety of outputs like 5V, 6V, 9V, 12V and 15V.The LM78XX series of voltage regulators are designed for positive input. For applications requiring negative input, the LM79XX series is used.
  • The output voltage of a regulator circuit can be increased by using a pair of ‘voltage-divider’ resistors. It is not possible to obtain a voltage lower than the stated rating. You cannot use a 12V regulator to make a 5V power supply, but you can use a 5V regulator to make a 12V supply.
  • Voltage regulators are very robust. These can withstand over-current draw due to short circuits and also over-heating. In both cases, the regulator will cut off before any damage occurs. The only way to destroy a regulator is to apply reverse voltage to its input. Reverse polarity destroys the regulator almost instantly. Let’s assume the value of R1 as 470 ohms, which means that a constant current of 10.6 mA will be available between terminals 2 and 3 of 7805. This constant current plus the regulator standby current of about 2.5 mA will flow through R2 to ground regardless of its value. Because of this constant 13.1mA current, R2 can now be set to a value that will give constant 7 volts across resistor R2.
  • A resistor value of 533 or 510 ohms (standard value) will give the necessary 7 volts. With 5 volts across R1 and 7 volts across R2, a total of about 12 volts (regulated) will appear across terminal 2 and ground. If a variable resistor is used as R2, the output voltage can be easily fine-tuned to any value greater than 5 volts. The standby current will vary slightly in the regulator 7805, but 2.5 mA will yield good results in the calculations. If an exact voltage (within 0.3 volt) is neededR2 must be a variable resistor.














  • Fig. 1 shows the circuit of a 6V- 12V variable power supply using a 5V regulator. The 220V AC mains voltage is stepped down by transformer X1 to 9 volts, rectified bythe bridge rectifier comprising 1N4007 diodes D1 through D4, filtered by smoothing capacitors C1 and C 2, and regulated by IC 7805 (IC1).
  • Capacitors C1 and C2 help to maintain a constant input to the regulator. Capacitor C1 should be rated at a minimum of 1000 μF for each ampereof current drawn and at least twice the input voltage. Wire the 270nF or greater disk (ceramic) capacitor close to the input terminal of the IC, and a 10μF or greater electrolytic capacitor across the output.
  • Attach the 5-way rotary switch to resistors of different values to get the regulated output as shown in the table. Or, you can use a 1-kilo-ohm potmeter as a variable resistor to get the regulated 5V-12V output.







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